Meaning and Usage
The Korean verb '미안하다' means 'to be sorry' or 'to feel apologetic.' It is commonly used to express regret or apology in everyday situations. The word can be conjugated politely as '미안해요' or more formally as '미안합니다.'
Politeness and Formality
'미안하다' is somewhat casual and often used among friends or in informal contexts. For more formal or respectful apologies, Koreans often use '죄송하다.' However, '미안하다' is perfectly acceptable in many polite situations, especially when combined with polite endings.
Common Collocations and Patterns
- 미안해요: polite apology among acquaintances
- 미안합니다: formal apology, often in customer service or official contexts
- 미안하지만: 'Sorry, but...' used to soften refusals or negative statements
Usage Tips
When using '미안하다,' the speaker expresses personal regret or responsibility. It is common to add reasons or explanations after the apology, such as '늦어서 미안해요' (Sorry for being late). Avoid confusing '미안하다' with '죄송하다,' which is more formal and humble.
Common Mistake
Learners sometimes overuse '미안하다' in very formal situations where '죄송하다' would be more appropriate. Remember to adjust your apology level depending on the social context.