미만

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Meaning and Usage

The Korean suffix '미만' means 'under', 'below', or 'less than' a certain number or amount. It is commonly used in formal contexts such as regulations, rules, or official announcements to specify limits or thresholds.

Common Contexts

You will often see '미만' used with age, weight, income, or quantity to indicate that something applies only if the value is less than the stated number. For example, '18세 미만' means 'under 18 years old'.

Collocations and Patterns

  • '숫자 + 미만': Indicates less than the given number (e.g., '5kg 미만' means 'less than 5 kilograms').
  • '만 + 숫자 + 미만': Used to specify exact age or amount thresholds (e.g., '만 18세 미만' means 'under 18 years old').

Register and Formality

'미만' is typically used in formal or official language rather than casual conversation. In everyday speech, people might use phrases like '보다 적은' or '보다 낮은' instead.

Common Mistakes

Learners sometimes confuse '미만' with '이하' (meaning 'less than or equal to'). Remember, '미만' strictly means 'less than' and does not include the number itself, while '이하' includes the number.

Understanding this distinction is important when interpreting rules or conditions.

Example Sentences

만 18세 미만은 이 영화를 볼 수 없습니다.

Man 18se miman-eun i yeonghwa-reul bol su eopseumnida.

Those under 18 years old cannot watch this movie.

이 제품은 5kg 미만의 무게만 배송 가능합니다.

I jepum-eun 5kg miman-ui muge-man baesong ganeunghamnida.

This product can only be shipped if the weight is less than 5kg.

수입이 200만 원 미만인 가구는 세금 감면 혜택을 받을 수 있습니다.

Suip-i 200man won miman-in gagu-neun segum gam-myeon hyetaeg-eul bad-eul su issseumnida.

Households with an income below 2 million won can receive tax reduction benefits.