Level 6

거듭

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Meaning and Usage

The adverb '거듭' means 'again' or 'repeatedly' and is used to emphasize that an action or event happens multiple times. It often appears in formal or written contexts, such as speeches, announcements, or polite conversations.

Common Contexts

'거듭' is frequently used when apologizing repeatedly, emphasizing warnings or instructions, or describing repeated attempts or failures.

Collocations and Patterns

  • 거듭 사과하다: to apologize repeatedly
  • 거듭 말씀드리다: to say something repeatedly (polite)
  • 거듭 실패하다: to fail repeatedly

These collocations highlight the formal tone often associated with '거듭'.

Register and Politeness

'거듭' is generally formal and polite. It is less common in casual speech, where words like '다시' or '또' might be preferred.

Common Learner Mistake

Learners sometimes confuse '거듭' with simple repetition words like '다시'. Remember, '거듭' carries a nuance of emphasis and formality, so it fits best in contexts where repetition is stressed politely or formally.

Example Sentences

그는 거듭 사과했지만 그녀의 마음은 변하지 않았다.

Geuneun geodeup sagwahaetjiman geunyeoui maeumeun byeonhaji anh-assda.

He apologized repeatedly, but her feelings did not change.

거듭 말씀드리지만, 이 규칙은 반드시 지켜야 합니다.

Geodeup malsseumdeurijiman, i gyuchigeun bandeusi jikyeoya hamnida.

I say this repeatedly, but you must follow this rule.

거듭된 실패에도 불구하고 그는 포기하지 않았다.

Geodeupdoen silpae-edo bulgu-hago geuneun pogihaji anh-assda.

Despite repeated failures, he did not give up.