제약

jeyak

A pharmaceutical company

TOPIK 4

Meanings and Usage

The Korean word '제약' has two main meanings: it can refer to a 'pharmaceutical company' or to 'constraints' or 'limitations'. The context usually clarifies which meaning is intended.

Pharmaceutical Company

When used in the context of business or industry, '제약' often refers to pharmaceutical companies or the pharmaceutical industry. For example, '제약 회사' means 'pharmaceutical company'. This usage is common in news, business, and scientific discussions.

Constraints or Limitations

'제약' also means 'restriction' or 'constraint', often used to describe limits on time, budget, resources, or conditions. This meaning appears frequently in everyday conversation, academic writing, and formal speech.

Common Collocations

  • 제약 회사: pharmaceutical company
  • 제약 산업: pharmaceutical industry
  • 시간의 제약: time constraint
  • 예산의 제약: budget limitation
  • 법적 제약: legal restriction

Register and Usage Notes

'제약' is a formal noun and is commonly used in written and spoken Korean in professional or academic contexts. When referring to constraints, it often appears in compound nouns or formal expressions.

Common Learner Mistake

Learners sometimes confuse '제약' (constraints) with '제약 회사' (pharmaceutical company) because the same word is used. Pay attention to the context and accompanying words to understand the intended meaning.

Example Sentences

그 회사는 국내에서 가장 큰 제약 회사 중 하나입니다.

Geu hoesa neun guknae eseo gajang keun jeyak hoesa jung hanamida.

That company is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the country.

시간과 예산의 제약 때문에 프로젝트가 지연되고 있다.

Sigan gwa yesan ui jeyak ttaemune peurojekteuga jiyeondoego itda.

The project is delayed due to time and budget constraints.

제약 산업은 신약 개발에 많은 투자가 필요하다.

Jeyak saneop eun sinyak gaebal e manheun tujaga piryohada.

The pharmaceutical industry requires a lot of investment in new drug development.